I think James McGrath is onto something here:
In a recent post I mentioned the distinction Marcus Borg makes
between naive and conscious literalism. At heart, the difference is as
follows. Naive literalism involves someone (e.g. a Biblical author)
treating something as factually true because he or she has no reason to
believe otherwise. So, for instance, in the case of the ascension, why
wouldn't Luke depict Jesus as heading straight up into the sky?
Presumably, had Luke lived today, he would have either described the
scene differently, or mentioned dilithium crystals.
Conscious
literalism means taking something written by a naive literalist, while
having information (whether scientific or historical) that was not
available to that ancient author, and deliberately choosing to ignore
the more recent developments in our knowledge and understanding, and
instead treat the naive literalist's description as entirely factual.
Does this help make clear not just the difference between the two, but why the latter is so very problematic?
I think McGrath brings up an important distinction here. It is one thing to understand a text as the author's attempt to describe a certain reality in the language and conceptual understanding of their day, but does this necessitate that we, as the receiver of such texts, cannot bring a more nuanced understanding?
I believe that when we read and interpret ancient texts, we need to approach them with tremendous care, so as not to fall into what McGrath describes as "conscious literalism." Just because the author chose to describe a certain reality as such, does it in fact always mean that "it happened that way?" To what degree do we see texts as "historical?" If we approach the text with an ingrained sense of "conscious literalsim," when the text does not necessarily promote such a reading, do we truly have an accurate understanding of the text?
I think this leads us back to a central question concerning all interpretation - when do we read a texts with a sense of literalism and when do we not?
Thoughts?
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